Grade 2
  1. Number Sense and Operations  1.1. Counting and Number Sequences  1.1.1. Counting up to 100  1.1.2. Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.1.3. Counting Backward from 20  1.1.4. Odd and even numbers in counting sequences  1.2. Place Value  1.2.1. Understanding ones and tens  1.2.2. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  1.2.3. Identifying the Value of Each Digit in a Number  1.2.4. Building numbers using tens and ones  1.3. Addition and Subtraction  1.3.1. Basic addition up to 20  1.3.2. Basic subtraction up to 20  1.3.3. Addition with Regrouping  1.3.4. Subtraction with Borrowing  1.3.5. Solving word problems involving addition and subtraction  1.3.6. Addition and Subtraction with Multiples of 10  1.4. Odd and Even Numbers  1.4.1. Identifying Odd and Even Numbers  1.4.2. Understanding patterns in odd and even numbers  1.4.3. Simple operations with odd and even numbers
  2. Fractions and Decimals  2.1. Introduction to Fractions  2.1.1. Understanding halves and quarters  2.1.2. Representing fractions visually  2.1.3. Simple Fraction Comparisons  2.1.4. Writing Simple Fractions  2.1.5. Fractions as part of a whole  2.2. Fraction Equivalency  2.2.1. Understanding Equal Parts  2.2.2. Identifying Equivalent Fractions
  3. Measurement and Data  3.1. Length Measurement  3.1.1. Measuring objects using rulers  3.1.2. Comparing lengths  3.1.3. Estimating lengths  3.1.4. Understanding units of measurement (centimeters and inches)  3.1.5. Relating Length Measurements to Real-World Objects  3.2. Weight and Mass Measurement  3.2.1. Comparing Weights of Objects  3.2.2. Estimating weight in grams and kilograms  3.2.3. Using balance scales for comparison  3.3. Volume and Capacity Measurement  3.3.1. Understanding capacity with cups and liters  3.3.2. Comparing capacities of containers  3.3.3. Introduction to Milliliters  3.4. Time  3.4.1. Reading analog and digital clocks  3.4.2. Understanding hours and minutes  3.4.3. Calculating elapsed time in hours  3.4.4. Days of the week and months of the year  3.4.5. Understanding AM and PM  3.5. Money  3.5.1. Recognizing coins and bills  3.5.2. Counting money up to $1  3.5.3. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money  3.5.4. Making Change for a Dollar
  4. Geometry and Spatial Reasoning  4.1. Shapes and Their Attributes  4.1.1. Identifying basic shapes (circle, triangle, square, rectangle)  4.1.2. Understanding sides and corners  4.1.3. Distinguishing between 2D and 3D shapes  4.1.4. Recognizing 3D Shapes (Cube, Sphere, Cone, Cylinder)  4.1.5. Composing and Decomposing Shapes  4.2. Symmetry  4.2.1. Understanding Lines of Symmetry  4.2.2. Drawing Symmetrical Shapes  4.2.3. Identifying Symmetrical Objects in the Environment  4.3. Patterns and Spatial Awareness  4.3.1. Recognizing and Creating Patterns  4.3.2. Extending Patterns  4.3.3. Understanding positions (left, right, above, below)  4.3.4. Using a grid to locate objects
  5. Data Handling and Probability  5.1. Collecting and Organizing Data  5.1.1. Using tally marks  5.1.2. Reading Bar Graphs  5.1.3. Simple Pictographs  5.1.4. Creating Bar Graphs from Given Data  5.2. Interpreting Data  5.2.1. Answering questions based on data  5.2.3. Identifying Most and Least in Data Sets  5.3. Introduction to Probability  5.3.1. Understanding likely and unlikely events

Grade 2 → Measurement and Data → Time ↓


Understanding AM and PM


Understanding the concept of AM and PM is an essential part of learning how to measure time, especially in grade 2 math. Time is something that helps us organize our day, make plans, and understand the sequence of events in a 24-hour period. One of the main ways to divide time is into two parts: AM and PM. Let's learn what these mean and how to use them!

What is the time?

Time is a way of telling when events happen. We use clocks and calendars to help us measure time. Clocks measure time in hours, minutes, and seconds. There are 24 hours in a day, and we divide these into two parts: the time before noon (afternoon) and the time after noon.

Introduction to AM and PM

The 24-hour day is divided into two 12-hour periods:

  • AM: This stands for "ante meridians" in Latin, which means "before noon" or "before midday." This is the time from midnight to just before noon (12:00 AM to 11:59 AM).
  • PM: This means "post meridian" in Latin, which means "after noon." This is the time from noon to just before midnight (12:00 a.m. to 11:59 p.m.).

Visual example of AM and PM

12 o'clock 12:00 PM 12 o'clock 0 to 11:59 AM 0 to 11:59

The clock and its hands

Before fully understanding AM and PM, let's understand how a clock works. You can see two types of clocks:

  • Analog clock: It is a type of clock in which the hands point to numbers on a circular surface.
  • Digital clock: This clock shows the time with numbers, such as 8:30 or 14:00.

Example of an analog clock

An analog clock has three hands:

  • Hour hand: The smallest hand that tells the hour.
  • Minute hand: The long needle that indicates the minutes.
  • Seconds hand: Sometimes, there is an even longer needle for the seconds.

Example of a digital clock

08:30 AM 02:00 PM

Digital clocks show time in numbers using AM and PM. This helps to easily identify the time in the morning or afternoon.

Understanding 12-hour and 24-hour clocks

Around the world, you may come across systems where time is represented using a 12-hour clock or a 24-hour clock. Let's understand them:

  • 12-hour clock: Uses the numbers 1 to 12 to show the time, followed by AM or PM to determine whether it's morning or evening.
  • 24-hour clock: This format runs from 00:00 to 23:59, eliminating the need for AM and PM. For example, 2:00 PM is written as 14:00.

Here's a simple example to demonstrate the conversion:

12-hour Clock: 7:00 PM 24-hour Clock: 19:00

Practical examples of AM and PM

Let's take a look at some daily activities and the times they often occur. This will help you practice using AM and PM.

  • Waking up: Most people wake up around 7 a.m.
  • Lunch time: Usually lunch time is around 12:00 pm.
  • School hours: Schools often start at 9:00 am and may end at 3:00 pm.
  • Dinner time: In many households, dinner is around 6:30 pm.
  • Bedtime: Depending on the routine, bedtime could be around 8:30 pm.

Mapping activities on the watch

Let's illustrate these activities as an exercise on both analog and digital clocks.

7:00 am (waking up)

12:00 PM (lunch time)

Digital Clock: 09:00 AM (School Starts) 03:00 PM (School Ends) 06:30 PM (Dinner Time) 08:30 PM (Bedtime)

Why is it important to understand AM and PM?

Knowing AM and PM helps us organize our daily routines properly. It provides a common way to talk about time and scheduling. Here are some reasons why understanding AM and PM is important:

  • Daily routine: It helps you plan when to wake up, eat, and sleep.
  • Appointments: Knowing AM and PM ensures you arrive at appointments on time.
  • Global understanding: AM and PM are used in many English-speaking countries, and understanding them helps communicate effectively around the world.

Practice with time conversions

Conversion practice exercises can strengthen your understanding of AM and PM. Use these exercises to identify the correct period:

  1. Convert 24 hour time 15:45 to 12 hour time with AM or PM.
  2. Identify the time (AM or PM) for 03:15.
  3. Write the time 8:10 PM in 24-hour clock format.

Answer:

1. 3:45 PM 2. AM 3. 20:10

Conclusion

Understanding AM and PM is a simple but important part of managing time effectively. It helps to tell whether an event occurs in the first half of the day (midnight to noon) or the second half (noon to midnight). Practicing the use and conversion of AM and PM can make daily scheduling and interactions easier, making time management an essential life skill.


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Understanding AM and PM

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