Grade 2
  1. Number Sense and Operations  1.1. Counting and Number Sequences  1.1.1. Counting up to 100  1.1.2. Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.1.3. Counting Backward from 20  1.1.4. Odd and even numbers in counting sequences  1.2. Place Value  1.2.1. Understanding ones and tens  1.2.2. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  1.2.3. Identifying the Value of Each Digit in a Number  1.2.4. Building numbers using tens and ones  1.3. Addition and Subtraction  1.3.1. Basic addition up to 20  1.3.2. Basic subtraction up to 20  1.3.3. Addition with Regrouping  1.3.4. Subtraction with Borrowing  1.3.5. Solving word problems involving addition and subtraction  1.3.6. Addition and Subtraction with Multiples of 10  1.4. Odd and Even Numbers  1.4.1. Identifying Odd and Even Numbers  1.4.2. Understanding patterns in odd and even numbers  1.4.3. Simple operations with odd and even numbers
  2. Fractions and Decimals  2.1. Introduction to Fractions  2.1.1. Understanding halves and quarters  2.1.2. Representing fractions visually  2.1.3. Simple Fraction Comparisons  2.1.4. Writing Simple Fractions  2.1.5. Fractions as part of a whole  2.2. Fraction Equivalency  2.2.1. Understanding Equal Parts  2.2.2. Identifying Equivalent Fractions
  3. Measurement and Data  3.1. Length Measurement  3.1.1. Measuring objects using rulers  3.1.2. Comparing lengths  3.1.3. Estimating lengths  3.1.4. Understanding units of measurement (centimeters and inches)  3.1.5. Relating Length Measurements to Real-World Objects  3.2. Weight and Mass Measurement  3.2.1. Comparing Weights of Objects  3.2.2. Estimating weight in grams and kilograms  3.2.3. Using balance scales for comparison  3.3. Volume and Capacity Measurement  3.3.1. Understanding capacity with cups and liters  3.3.2. Comparing capacities of containers  3.3.3. Introduction to Milliliters  3.4. Time  3.4.1. Reading analog and digital clocks  3.4.2. Understanding hours and minutes  3.4.3. Calculating elapsed time in hours  3.4.4. Days of the week and months of the year  3.4.5. Understanding AM and PM  3.5. Money  3.5.1. Recognizing coins and bills  3.5.2. Counting money up to $1  3.5.3. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money  3.5.4. Making Change for a Dollar
  4. Geometry and Spatial Reasoning  4.1. Shapes and Their Attributes  4.1.1. Identifying basic shapes (circle, triangle, square, rectangle)  4.1.2. Understanding sides and corners  4.1.3. Distinguishing between 2D and 3D shapes  4.1.4. Recognizing 3D Shapes (Cube, Sphere, Cone, Cylinder)  4.1.5. Composing and Decomposing Shapes  4.2. Symmetry  4.2.1. Understanding Lines of Symmetry  4.2.2. Drawing Symmetrical Shapes  4.2.3. Identifying Symmetrical Objects in the Environment  4.3. Patterns and Spatial Awareness  4.3.1. Recognizing and Creating Patterns  4.3.2. Extending Patterns  4.3.3. Understanding positions (left, right, above, below)  4.3.4. Using a grid to locate objects
  5. Data Handling and Probability  5.1. Collecting and Organizing Data  5.1.1. Using tally marks  5.1.2. Reading Bar Graphs  5.1.3. Simple Pictographs  5.1.4. Creating Bar Graphs from Given Data  5.2. Interpreting Data  5.2.1. Answering questions based on data  5.2.3. Identifying Most and Least in Data Sets  5.3. Introduction to Probability  5.3.1. Understanding likely and unlikely events

Grade 2 → Data Handling and Probability → Collecting and Organizing Data ↓


Using tally marks


Tally marks are a simple but effective way to keep track of numbers and data. They are often used for counting and are especially helpful for keeping an easy-to-read visual record of data when collecting it. In this lengthy explanation, we will look at how to use tally marks in data handling, their benefits, and practical examples that help to better understand this concept.

What are tally marks?

Tally marks are a type of numeral used for counting. They are a series of vertical strokes (or marks) used to represent a number. Each stroke represents one count. After every four strokes, a diagonal or horizontal line is drawn through the four strokes to represent the number five. This group of five strokes makes it easy to count large amounts of data quickly.

To understand tally marks, look at how they are made:

1 tally = |

2 tally = ||

3 tally = |||

4 tally = ||||

5 tally = |||| / or |||| —

Use of tally marks

Tally marks are mainly used for the following:

  • Counting: Tally marks provide an easy way to count and record numbers.
  • Data collection: These can be used in surveys or experiments where data needs to be collected quickly and efficiently.
  • Organizing data: Tally marks allow data to be presented visually, making comparison and data analysis easier.

Benefits of using tally marks

The simplicity of tally marks makes them beneficial for several reasons:

  • Easy to use: Anyone can quickly learn how to use tally marks, making it accessible to all age groups, including young children.
  • Visual clarity: Groups of five digits make counting faster and reduce the chance of mistakes.
  • Space efficient: Tally marks require minimal space to record data unlike writing numbers or words.
  • Practical: Suitable for both small and large amounts of data, making them versatile.

How to use tally marks for data collection

Let us consider a classroom context where tally marks can be used effectively.

Step 1: Determine what to count

The first step in using tally marks is to determine what is to be counted. For example, if you want to know the favorite fruit of each student in the class.

Step 2: Create categories

List the different fruits by categories for tallying.

Example categories:

Apples, Bananas, Oranges, Grapes

Step 3: Collect the data

As students tell you their favorite fruit, you mark the number in the corresponding category.

Step 4: Group the tallies

Each time you reach the fifth count, draw a line between the previous four to speed up the count later.

Tallying example:

Apples = ||||/ (This shows that 5 students like apples)

Bananas = ||| (This shows that 3 students like bananas)

Step 5: Calculate the tallies

Once all the data is collected, you can calculate the tally scores to determine the total score for each category.

Visual examples of tally marks

Counting to 10 using tally marks

On the count of 10 you will get the following:
||||/ ||||/

Real-life data collection example

Imagine you are counting the number of cars passing a street corner. You classify them by color.

Red cars: | | | | | | | | 
Blue cars: | | | | 
Yellow cars: | | | | | | |

This means that 7 red cars, 4 blue cars, and 6 yellow cars were counted.

Organizing the collected data

Tally marks are not only used for collecting data; they are also very helpful in organizing data. Once you have collected data using tally marks, the next step is to organize this data into a meaningful representation.

Make the table

One way to organize the data is to create a table that lists each category, the corresponding tally marks, and the final calculations obtained from those tallies.

Fruit Tally Marks Total
Apple , 6
Bananas , 2
Oranges , 3
Grape , 4

Analyzing the data

Once your data is organized in a table, you can easily draw conclusions by comparing quantities or answer important questions such as:

  • Which fruit was the most popular?
  • How many students liked apples more than bananas?

Practical exercises

To make better use of tally marks, try the following exercises:

Exercise 1: Counting animal sounds

Imagine you're at a petting zoo. You want to count the sounds made by different animals:

  1. The "Baa" of the sheep
  2. "Moo" of the cow
  3. The "quack" of a duck
Sheep: | | | 
Cow: | | | | | | | 
Duck: | |

Try counting more -> Add more numbers as you count more sounds!

Exercise 2: Survey on favourite colours

A class survey was conducted to find out the favorite colors of the students. Create your tally chart for the following data:

  • Red: 7 votes
  • Blue: 3 votes
  • Green: 5 votes
  • Yellow: 2 votes

Represent this data using tally marks and create a table as shown in the previous examples. Write down your results and analyze which color is most liked in the group!

Conclusion

Using tally marks is a basic skill in data handling, as it helps to efficiently collect and organize data. Tally marks are user-friendly, do not require any sophisticated equipment, and they provide a visual and straightforward solution for counting and recording data. By practicing tally marks with various data collection exercises, children and students alike strengthen their understanding of data handling. Furthermore, they can apply these skills in everyday situations where quick and accurate counting is required, ensuring that they become proficient in basic data management tasks from an early age.


Grade 2 → 5.1.1


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Using tally marks

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