Grade 2
  1. Number Sense and Operations  1.1. Counting and Number Sequences  1.1.1. Counting up to 100  1.1.2. Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.1.3. Counting Backward from 20  1.1.4. Odd and even numbers in counting sequences  1.2. Place Value  1.2.1. Understanding ones and tens  1.2.2. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  1.2.3. Identifying the Value of Each Digit in a Number  1.2.4. Building numbers using tens and ones  1.3. Addition and Subtraction  1.3.1. Basic addition up to 20  1.3.2. Basic subtraction up to 20  1.3.3. Addition with Regrouping  1.3.4. Subtraction with Borrowing  1.3.5. Solving word problems involving addition and subtraction  1.3.6. Addition and Subtraction with Multiples of 10  1.4. Odd and Even Numbers  1.4.1. Identifying Odd and Even Numbers  1.4.2. Understanding patterns in odd and even numbers  1.4.3. Simple operations with odd and even numbers
  2. Fractions and Decimals  2.1. Introduction to Fractions  2.1.1. Understanding halves and quarters  2.1.2. Representing fractions visually  2.1.3. Simple Fraction Comparisons  2.1.4. Writing Simple Fractions  2.1.5. Fractions as part of a whole  2.2. Fraction Equivalency  2.2.1. Understanding Equal Parts  2.2.2. Identifying Equivalent Fractions
  3. Measurement and Data  3.1. Length Measurement  3.1.1. Measuring objects using rulers  3.1.2. Comparing lengths  3.1.3. Estimating lengths  3.1.4. Understanding units of measurement (centimeters and inches)  3.1.5. Relating Length Measurements to Real-World Objects  3.2. Weight and Mass Measurement  3.2.1. Comparing Weights of Objects  3.2.2. Estimating weight in grams and kilograms  3.2.3. Using balance scales for comparison  3.3. Volume and Capacity Measurement  3.3.1. Understanding capacity with cups and liters  3.3.2. Comparing capacities of containers  3.3.3. Introduction to Milliliters  3.4. Time  3.4.1. Reading analog and digital clocks  3.4.2. Understanding hours and minutes  3.4.3. Calculating elapsed time in hours  3.4.4. Days of the week and months of the year  3.4.5. Understanding AM and PM  3.5. Money  3.5.1. Recognizing coins and bills  3.5.2. Counting money up to $1  3.5.3. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money  3.5.4. Making Change for a Dollar
  4. Geometry and Spatial Reasoning  4.1. Shapes and Their Attributes  4.1.1. Identifying basic shapes (circle, triangle, square, rectangle)  4.1.2. Understanding sides and corners  4.1.3. Distinguishing between 2D and 3D shapes  4.1.4. Recognizing 3D Shapes (Cube, Sphere, Cone, Cylinder)  4.1.5. Composing and Decomposing Shapes  4.2. Symmetry  4.2.1. Understanding Lines of Symmetry  4.2.2. Drawing Symmetrical Shapes  4.2.3. Identifying Symmetrical Objects in the Environment  4.3. Patterns and Spatial Awareness  4.3.1. Recognizing and Creating Patterns  4.3.2. Extending Patterns  4.3.3. Understanding positions (left, right, above, below)  4.3.4. Using a grid to locate objects
  5. Data Handling and Probability  5.1. Collecting and Organizing Data  5.1.1. Using tally marks  5.1.2. Reading Bar Graphs  5.1.3. Simple Pictographs  5.1.4. Creating Bar Graphs from Given Data  5.2. Interpreting Data  5.2.1. Answering questions based on data  5.2.3. Identifying Most and Least in Data Sets  5.3. Introduction to Probability  5.3.1. Understanding likely and unlikely events

Grade 2 → Geometry and Spatial Reasoning → Patterns and Spatial Awareness ↓


Extending Patterns


Patterns are everywhere! They help us organize and understand the world around us. In grade 2 math, students learn about patterns to build a strong foundation in geometry and spatial reasoning. Patterns can be numbers, shapes, or colors that repeat in a logical way. When we understand patterns, we can predict what will happen next. This is called an extended pattern.

What are the patterns?

Patterns are sequences that repeat or change in a predictable way. These may include colours, shapes or numbers. Here are some simple examples of patterns:

Color Pattern: Red, Blue, Red, Blue, Red, Blue, ... Shape Pattern: Circle, Square, Circle, Square, Circle, ... Number Pattern: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ... Letter Pattern: A, B, A, B, A, ...

When we identify what is repeated or changed in these sequences, we can infer what will happen next.

Types of patterns

Patterns can be simple or complex, and understanding the different types helps in identifying and expanding them.

Repeating patterns

These patterns consist of elements that are repeated in the same order. For example:

ABC, ABC, ABC, ... 123, 123, 123, ... Star, Moon, Star, Moon, ...

Mounting pattern

These are patterns where something is added or changed each time. For example:

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ... One block, two blocks, three blocks, ...

Visual example

The pattern in the above visual example continues over and over again as first a rectangle, then a circle.

How to expand the pattern?

To follow a pattern, you look at what repeats or changes and keep it going. Ask yourself: What comes next? It's important to recognize the rule of the pattern.

Stages of expanding the pattern

  1. Identify the part of the pattern that repeats or changes.
  2. Figure out how it replicates or grows.
  3. Apply the same repetition or increment rule to find out what comes next.

Text example

Consider the number pattern 3, 6, 9, 12, ... To find the next number, look at the difference between the numbers, which is 3. So, add 3 to the last number 12 to extend the pattern: 12 + 3 = 15.

Visual example for expanding the shape pattern

In the above example, the visual pattern is extended by adding another rectangle, followed by a circle.

The importance of recognizing patterns

Learning to identify and extend patterns helps students develop a solid foundation in mathematics. Patterns help to:

  • Logical thinking: Recognizing sequences improves problem-solving skills.
  • Number sense: Understanding number patterns enhances arithmetic skills.
  • Predicting outcomes: Knowing what will happen next prepares students for algebra and more complex math concepts.

Using patterns in everyday life

Patterns are used in everyday activities in a variety of ways:

  • Music: Songs have repeating notes and rhythms.
  • Art: Designs often feature repeating shapes or colors.
  • Nature: Look at the stripes of a zebra or the spots of a leopard.
  • Time: The days of the week and the months follow a certain pattern.

Exercise: Finding new patterns

Try to find or create patterns in your room. Look for patterns in wallpaper, books, decorations, or toys. Describe or create your own patterns.

Fun activity

Here's a fun activity to try:

Create a simple pattern using blocks or coloured paper. Use different shapes and colours to create a sequence. Ask a friend or family member to follow your pattern. See if they understand the rule you used. Discuss what made it easy or difficult for them to understand your pattern.

Conclusion

Understanding and extending patterns is a foundational skill in math that prepares students for more advanced topics. Recognizing patterns enhances problem-solving and critical thinking skills. By practicing with visual, number, and shape patterns, children can greatly improve their geometry and spatial reasoning skills. Regular practice with recognizing and extending patterns makes these concepts more intuitive and enjoyable.


Grade 2 → 4.3.2


U
username
0%
completed in Grade 2

← Prev (4.3.1)
Recognizing and Creating Patterns
Next (4.3.3) →
Understanding positions (left, right, above, below)

Comments 



Extending Patterns

https://www.buddymath.com/g2/4.3.2?bmal=en