Grade 2
  1. Number Sense and Operations  1.1. Counting and Number Sequences  1.1.1. Counting up to 100  1.1.2. Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.1.3. Counting Backward from 20  1.1.4. Odd and even numbers in counting sequences  1.2. Place Value  1.2.1. Understanding ones and tens  1.2.2. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  1.2.3. Identifying the Value of Each Digit in a Number  1.2.4. Building numbers using tens and ones  1.3. Addition and Subtraction  1.3.1. Basic addition up to 20  1.3.2. Basic subtraction up to 20  1.3.3. Addition with Regrouping  1.3.4. Subtraction with Borrowing  1.3.5. Solving word problems involving addition and subtraction  1.3.6. Addition and Subtraction with Multiples of 10  1.4. Odd and Even Numbers  1.4.1. Identifying Odd and Even Numbers  1.4.2. Understanding patterns in odd and even numbers  1.4.3. Simple operations with odd and even numbers
  2. Fractions and Decimals  2.1. Introduction to Fractions  2.1.1. Understanding halves and quarters  2.1.2. Representing fractions visually  2.1.3. Simple Fraction Comparisons  2.1.4. Writing Simple Fractions  2.1.5. Fractions as part of a whole  2.2. Fraction Equivalency  2.2.1. Understanding Equal Parts  2.2.2. Identifying Equivalent Fractions
  3. Measurement and Data  3.1. Length Measurement  3.1.1. Measuring objects using rulers  3.1.2. Comparing lengths  3.1.3. Estimating lengths  3.1.4. Understanding units of measurement (centimeters and inches)  3.1.5. Relating Length Measurements to Real-World Objects  3.2. Weight and Mass Measurement  3.2.1. Comparing Weights of Objects  3.2.2. Estimating weight in grams and kilograms  3.2.3. Using balance scales for comparison  3.3. Volume and Capacity Measurement  3.3.1. Understanding capacity with cups and liters  3.3.2. Comparing capacities of containers  3.3.3. Introduction to Milliliters  3.4. Time  3.4.1. Reading analog and digital clocks  3.4.2. Understanding hours and minutes  3.4.3. Calculating elapsed time in hours  3.4.4. Days of the week and months of the year  3.4.5. Understanding AM and PM  3.5. Money  3.5.1. Recognizing coins and bills  3.5.2. Counting money up to $1  3.5.3. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money  3.5.4. Making Change for a Dollar
  4. Geometry and Spatial Reasoning  4.1. Shapes and Their Attributes  4.1.1. Identifying basic shapes (circle, triangle, square, rectangle)  4.1.2. Understanding sides and corners  4.1.3. Distinguishing between 2D and 3D shapes  4.1.4. Recognizing 3D Shapes (Cube, Sphere, Cone, Cylinder)  4.1.5. Composing and Decomposing Shapes  4.2. Symmetry  4.2.1. Understanding Lines of Symmetry  4.2.2. Drawing Symmetrical Shapes  4.2.3. Identifying Symmetrical Objects in the Environment  4.3. Patterns and Spatial Awareness  4.3.1. Recognizing and Creating Patterns  4.3.2. Extending Patterns  4.3.3. Understanding positions (left, right, above, below)  4.3.4. Using a grid to locate objects
  5. Data Handling and Probability  5.1. Collecting and Organizing Data  5.1.1. Using tally marks  5.1.2. Reading Bar Graphs  5.1.3. Simple Pictographs  5.1.4. Creating Bar Graphs from Given Data  5.2. Interpreting Data  5.2.1. Answering questions based on data  5.2.3. Identifying Most and Least in Data Sets  5.3. Introduction to Probability  5.3.1. Understanding likely and unlikely events

Grade 2 → Data Handling and Probability → Collecting and Organizing Data ↓


Simple Pictographs


Simple pictographs are a fun and easy way for young learners to understand data using pictures. In grade 2 math, students learn to collect and organize data using these pictographs, which help them visualize information in a simple and engaging way.

What is a pictograph?

Pictographs, also known as picture graphs, are a way of showing data using images or symbols. Each image in a pictograph represents a certain number of items. For example, if you have a pictograph with apples showing how many apples different people have, each apple image can represent one or more apples.

    +--------------+
    | Pictographs  |
    +--------------+
    | Picture      |
    +--------------+
    | Simple to read|
    +--------------+
    | Use symbols   |
    +--------------+
    | Show numbers  |
    +--------------+

Understanding pictograms

Let's look at a simple example of a pictograph:

tom's apples

3 apples

Anna's apples

2 apples

Reading pictograms

In the example above, each picture of an apple represents one apple held by each person. So, by counting the apples next to each name, we know:

  • Tom has 3 apples.
  • Anna has 2 apples.

Creating your own pictogram

To create your own pictograph, follow these easy steps:

  1. Select the data you want to display.
  2. Decide which symbol you will use.
  3. Make sure that each symbol represents the same number of items.
  4. Draw symbols to show the amount of data in each category.

Example: favorite pet

Imagine you surveyed your class to find out about their favorite pets. Here are the results:

  • Dogs: 10 students
  • Cats: 8 students
  • Fish: 4 students
  • Hamsters: 2 students

Now, let's create a pictograph using a simple symbol such as a circle to represent the number of students:

dogs
cats
fish
hamsters

Deciphering pictograms

To understand or decode a pictogram:

  • For dogs: Each blue circle represents a student, and there are 10 circles in total. So, 10 students like dogs.
  • For cats: Each green circle represents a student, and there are a total of 8 circles. So, 8 students like cats.
  • For fish: Each red circle represents a student, and there are a total of 4 circles. So, 4 students like fish.
  • For hamsters: Each yellow circle represents a student, and there are 2 circles. So, 2 students like hamsters.

Benefits of using pictograms

Pictograms are helpful because:

  • They make information easier to understand.
  • They are easy to make and read.
  • They help in quick comparison of data.

More examples

Let's look at another example. Suppose you want to show data about the number of books read by students in a week:

Student Number of books
Alice 4
Bob 3
Charlie 6

Pictogram example

Now let's create a pictograph with book representing how many books each student read.

Alice
Bob
Charlie

Conclusion

Learning to use simple pictographs is a great way for young students to practice organizing and interpreting data. With pictographs, understanding data becomes much easier because each picture or symbol represents real-life numbers.

Try creating your own pictograms with a simple survey and see how easy it is to visualize information. Whether you're counting apples, books, or favorite animals, pictograms make learning fun!


Grade 2 → 5.1.3


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Reading Bar Graphs
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Simple Pictographs

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