Grade 9
  1. Number Systems  1.1. Real Numbers  1.2. Rational Numbers  1.3. Irrational Numbers  1.4. Properties of Real Numbers  1.5. Laws of Exponents and Surds  1.6. Representation on the Number Line  1.7. Decimal Representation of Real Numbers
  2. Polynomials  2.1. Definition and Types of Polynomials  2.2. Degree of a Polynomial  2.3. Zeroes of a Polynomial  2.4. Remainder Theorem  2.5. Factorization of Polynomials  2.6. Algebraic Identities  2.7. Polynomial Equations and Roots
  3. Coordinate Geometry  3.1. Cartesian System  3.2. Plotting Points on the Plane  3.3. Distance Formula  3.4. Section Formula  3.5. Area of a Triangle  3.6. Coordinates of Midpoint and Centroid
  4. Linear Equations in Two Variables  4.1. Solutions of a Linear Equation  4.2. Graphical Method  4.3. Algebraic Method  4.4. Applications of Linear Equations  4.5. Linear Inequalities
  5. Introduction to Euclidean Geometry  5.1. Basic Definitions and Terms  5.2. Axioms and Postulates  5.3. Theorems on Angles and Lines  5.4. Properties of Parallel Lines  5.5. Construction of Triangles  5.6. Congruence Axioms
  6. Lines and Angles  6.1. Angle Pair Relationships  6.2. Parallel Lines and Transversal  6.3. Properties of Angles Formed by Parallel Lines  6.4. Angle Sum Property of a Triangle  6.5. Types of Angles
  7. Triangles  7.1. Congruence of Triangles  7.2. Criteria for Congruence  7.3. Properties of Triangles  7.4. Inequalities in a Triangle  7.5. Similarity of Triangles  7.6. Pythagorean Theorem
  8. Quadrilaterals  8.1. Properties of Quadrilaterals  8.2. Types of Quadrilaterals  8.3. Midpoint Theorem  8.4. Properties of Parallelograms  8.5. Trapezium and Kite Properties  8.6. Diagonals and their Properties
  9. Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles  9.1. Area of a Parallelogram  9.2. Area of a Triangle  9.3. Proofs of Area Theorems  9.4. Applications of Area Theorems
  10. Circles  10.1. Definitions and Terms  10.2. Properties of a Circle  10.3. Chord Properties  10.4. Tangents to a Circle  10.5. Cyclic Quadrilaterals  10.6. Arcs and Angles Subtended
  11. Constructions  11.1. Basic Constructions  11.2. Constructing Bisectors  11.3. Constructing Triangles  11.4. Constructing Tangents to a Circle  11.5. Constructing Angles of Given Measure
  12. Heron's Formula  12.1. Area of a Triangle Using Heron’s Formula  12.2. Application to Different Triangles and Quadrilaterals  12.3. Proof of Heron’s Formula
  13. Surface Areas and Volumes  13.1. Surface Area of a Cube Cuboid and Cylinder  13.2. Volume of a Cube Cuboid and Cylinder  13.3. Surface Area and Volume of a Cone  13.4. Surface Area and Volume of a Sphere and Hemisphere  13.5. Conversion of Units  13.6. Volume of a Prism
  14. Statistics  14.1. Collection of Data  14.2. Presentation of Data  14.3. Measures of Central Tendency  14.4. Mean Median and Mode  14.5. Graphical Representation of Data  14.6. Range and Measures of Dispersion
  15. Probability  15.1. Introduction to Probability  15.2. Experimental Probability  15.3. Theoretical Probability  15.4. Simple Problems on Probability

Grade 9 → Statistics ↓


Presentation of Data


Understanding how to present data is very important in statistics. When we talk about data in mathematics, we are referring to the information that we collect. This information can take many forms, such as numbers, measurements, or observations. When we collect data, it is often necessary to organize and present it in a readable and understandable way. Proper presentation helps us analyze data, recognize patterns, and make it easier for others to interpret the information.

Why is presentation of data important?

Presenting data is necessary because:

  • This helps in understanding the underlying patterns.
  • This makes better communication of information possible.
  • This helps in making more informed decisions.
  • This allows for quick identification of trends and comparisons.

Types of data presentation

  1. Textual presentation: This involves describing the data using words. For example, we might say, “Out of 50 students, 25 prefer online classes, 15 prefer in-person classes, and 10 prefer a mix of both.” Textual presentation can be useful for small data sets or when discussing data verbally.
  2. Tabular representation: A table is formed by arranging data into rows and columns. Each row contains individual record items or observations, and each column represents variable attributes.
  3. Graphical representation: This involves using graphs to visually represent data. Graphical representations provide clarity and an appealing way to express information. Examples include bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts.

Textual presentation of data

When data is presented in textual format, it is expressed using paragraphs or bullet points. This method is often used for small data volumes, where information can be easily retrieved in a few words. Here's an example:

In a survey of 40 people, 18 said they exercised regularly, 12 exercised occasionally, and 10 did not exercise at all.

Tabular presentation of data

Tabular presentation involves creating tables that organize data systematically into rows and columns. A table provides a concise way to display detailed data. Here is an example of tabular data presentation:

Name of the student Mathematics Score Science Score English Score
John 85 78 92
My 79 82 88
Tom 94 89 91
Lucy 68 76 80

Graphical presentation of data

Graphical presentation uses graphs to display data. This approach provides insights at a glance, attracts the audience's interest and makes complex data easier to understand. Let's explore some common types of graphical data presentations.

Bar graph

Bar graphs are used to show comparisons between categories. They consist of rectangular bars whose lengths are proportional to the values they represent. An example of a bar graph might look like this:


  
  
  
  
  
  
  A
  B
  C
  D

Explanation: Each bar represents a category, labeled A, B, C, and D. The height of each bar indicates the value or frequency of the corresponding category.

Line graph

A line graph displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' that are connected by straight line segments. This type of graph is useful for showing trends over time. Here's an example of a simple line graph:

Explanation: The red circles on the line graph represent data points. The blue lines connecting these circles represent the trend of the data over time intervals.

Pie chart

Pie charts are used to show the entire data, which is divided into slices to represent numerical proportions. The size of each slice is proportional to the quantity it represents. Below is an example of a pie chart:

Explanation: Each colored segment of the pie chart represents a part of the whole in different categories.

Conclusion on data presentation

Presenting data is a basic skill in statistics that helps provide a clear understanding of the information collected. Whether it is through textual, tabular or graphical means, the goal is to present data in a way that is easy to understand, interpret and draw conclusions from. Using different formats allows us to better communicate our insights and findings, making the data interpretable and impactful.

You are now armed with information about the different ways of presenting data. You can choose the most appropriate form depending on the type of data you have, the audience, and the purpose of the presentation. Mastering this skill is essential in the field of statistics and to effectively communicate any data-driven insights.


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Collection of Data
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